Finding Math in Van Gogh's Starry Night

Turbulence is a concept that is difficult to model and understand. Amazingly, Van Gogh captured it in his work Starry Night.


Learn more by viewing the complete TED Ed lesson by Natalya St. Clair.

Dead Stuff: The Secret Ingredient In Our Food Chain

Here's a terrific video on "the brown food chain." Watch it and learn how pond scum and animal poop contribute enormous amounts of energy to our ecosystems.


Learn more by viewing the complete TED Ed lesson by John C. Moore.

One Million (and One) Digits of Pi

The team at Numberphile printed one million decimal places of Pi onto a piece of paper. Can you guess how long it stretched? Or which digit appeared most often? Watch this video to learn the answers to these questions and more.


Once you've seen the video, check out the related TED Ed lesson.

Manic Monday - Part-Part-Whole Flip Cards

It's been a while since I've created anything for my math class, but after spending two days at the NCTM regional conference in Richmond, I was inspired to make some new resources. Today I'm sharing two sets of flip cards for working on subitizing, part-part-whole, missing addend problems, and basic facts.

Each set contains 55 cards covering addition facts from 0+0 through 9+9. You can access all 100 facts by using the Commutative property and covering a different part of the flip card. Here's what the packet and cards look like.

Once you print these back-to-back and cut along the dotted lines, you can select which part of the card you wish to "hide." Here's what a finished card looks like.

These flip card sets can be used to meet the following Common Core Standards for Math.

• K.OA.5.  Fluently add and subtract within 5.
• 1.OA.3.  Apply properties of operations as strategies to add and subtract. Examples: If 8 + 3 = 11 is known, then 3 + 8 = 11 is also known. (Commutative property of addition.) To add 2 + 6 + 4, the second two numbers can be added to make a ten, so 2 + 6 + 4 = 2 + 10 = 12. (Associative property of addition.)
• 1.OA.4.  Understand subtraction as an unknown-addend problem. For example, subtract 10 – 8 by finding the number that makes 10 when added to 8.
• 1.OA.5.  Relate counting to addition and subtraction (e.g., by counting on 2 to add 2).
• 1.OA.6. Add and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 – 4 = 13 – 3 – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 – 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13).
• 2.OA.2.  Fluently add and subtract within 20 using mental strategies. By end of Grade 2, know from memory all sums of two one-digit numbers.

Download  Part-Part-Whole Dot Pattern Flip Cards

Download Part-Part-Whole Ten Frame Flip Cards

I hope you get a chance to use these cards in your home or classroom. Please let me know if you try them and how you like them! 

Binoculars for Young Citizen Scientists

Between September-November (2014) the Cornell Lab of Ornithology will be awarding a classroom set of binoculars to approximately 6 schools where educators have made outstanding efforts to engage their students in citizen science.

Begin by putting your citizen science actions on the Action Map within the Citizen Science category.  The folks at Cornell will look through submissions monthly and select a handful to submit a formal application.

You can get more information about this at:
Binoculars for Young Citizen Scientists

Should We Eat Bugs?

Here's how this TEDEd lesson by Emma Bryce opens.

"What's tasty, abundant and high in protein? Bugs! Although less common outside the tropics, entomophagy, the practice of eating bugs, was once extremely widespread throughout cultures. You may feel icky about munching on insects, but they feed about 2 billion people each day (Mmm, fried tarantulas). They also hold promise for food security and the environment. Emma Bryce makes a compelling case for dining on bugs."

For more information, check out these resources.

• Time for Kids: Good Enough To Eat
• National Geographic: We Are What We Eat: Documenting Dinners Around the World
• Hungry Planet Family Food Portraits
• IAF: What is Entomophagy?
• Why Eat Bugs?
• 7 Insects You'll Be Eating In the Future

I've eaten crickets (chocolate covered, so a bit of crunch and salt with sweet) and silkworms. I'm not much more adventurous than that, but maybe I should be. Imagine debating this topic in your science class!

Minecraft and Math

What happens when you combine math and Minecraft? Apparently, quite a lot.

In the webinar Mathcraft: How to Use Minecraft to Teach Common Core Math (53 minutes), third grade teacher Jim Pike demonstrates Mathcraft, a Common Core Math curriculum he developed that is centered around the popular video game Minecraft.

How much did Jim’s curriculum impact student learning? Jim's Mathcraft curriculum helped increase the math performance of his class from 18% correct at the beginning of the year to 84% correct at the end-of-year. Two areas in particular that saw immediate improvements were area and perimeter and multiplication.

This is a pretty interesting approach. The webinar does a great job explaining the activities. Do take some time to check it out.

Free Mini-Course on Polar Bears and Climate Change

The New Media Consortium is sponsoring a free mini-course on polar bears and climate change. Here is some information about the course.

Polar Bears in a Changing Climate
Polar Bears International will engage teachers through innovative STEMx educational activities and lessons designed to communicate concepts of global warming and its impact on keystone species. This mini-course will use integrative technologies to explore the relationship between polar bears and their dependency on sea ice. Teachers will learn to use STEMx education content and real–world application to bring climate change and polar bears into the classroom and inspire actions related to sustainability and environmental stewardship. Teachers will also learn how to take students into the field by connecting them to field biologists and researchers, analyzing data collected by field researchers, and introducing students to innovative technology and engineering tools used to study polar bears. Through the lessons, activities, and resources included in this mini–course, teachers will help students learn how their daily actions impact polar bears and their sea ice habitat. The polar bears are closer than you think.

Here's what participants will take away from this self-paced course.

• Understand polar bears and their habitat. Basic information on polar bears will be presented, including physical characteristics, food sources, reproduction cycle and offspring, behaviors, and threats. Participants will join the Tundra Connections Academy Google+ community for communication and collaborative opportunities with fellow participants.
• Understand the primary causes of climate change and the resulting effects. Information regarding the impact of CO2 emissions, greenhouse gases, and other variables that affect the climate will be included in this module. An understanding of environmental sustainability options and clean energy alternatives will complete the unit.
• Gain an understanding of the Polar Bear Tracker and related data analysis. Teachers will learn how to “take students into the field” by connecting them to field biologists and researchers, analyzing data collected by field researchers, and introducing the use of innovative technology and engineering tools used to study polar bears. The importance of the relationship between polar bears and sea ice will be highlighted.
• Capstone. Taking action is an important part of empowering students to make positive change in our world. Environmental sustainability and conservation opportunities will be the focal points of this final Quest, and action plans related to these topics will be developed by participants. Included in this module is Project Polar Bear, which is an exemplary unit that promotes the creation of sustainable action plans for environmental conservation.

Today is the last day for enrollment, so if you're interested follow the link below.

Polar Bears in a Changing Climate Course

Science Poetry Pairings - Posts From National Poetry Month

During the month of April I celebrated National Poetry Month (at my other blog, The Miss Rumphius Effect) by posting a set of related poetry and children's books on science. Here's a list of my topics for the month with links. Enjoy!

1. Darwin and the Galapagos 
2. Frogs and Toads
3. Nature of Science
4. Volcanoes
5. Going Green
6. Dinosaurs 
7. Birds 
8. Nocturnal Animals
9. Food Chains
10. The Ocean
11. Animal Senses
12. Animal Dads
13. The Moon  
14. Extinction
15. Butterflies 
16. Bugs 
17. Seasons
18. Animal Collectives
19. Forests
20. Rain
21. African Animals
22. Animal Homes
23. The Human Body 
24. Geography
25. Camouflage
26. Museums
27. Water
28. Water (Again!)
29. Assorted Science In Poem and Verse
30. All Things Science

For Earth Day - A Thematic List on Trees

I started this list back in early March when the trees outside my office were still absurdly naked. I was waiting for winter to relinquish its grip and thinking about blooming trees made me happy. A LOT of time has passed since then and spring has taken center stage in all its glory.

Now that Earth Day is finally here, it seems like the perfect time to share some of my favorite titles on trees.

Poetry
Poetrees, written and illustrated by Douglas Florian - A treerific book of 18 poems about all manner of trees (coconut palm, baobab, paper birch) and tree parts (seeds, leaves, bark). Includes a glossatree.

Old Elm Speaks: Tree Poems, written by Kristine O'Connell George and illustrated by Kate Kiesler - This collection of 30 poems captures the beauty of trees in a range of settings and throughout the seasons. Nothing escapes George's notice in this volume, not even the materials of the beaver dam.

The Tremendous Tree Book, written by Barbara Brenner and May Garelick and illustrated by Fred Brenner - Tree history, tree facts, tree seeds, tree colors, tree treats and many other topics related to trees are covered in this simple introduction, written in rhyme and verse.

All About Trees
Tree (EYE KNOW), by DK Publishing - Written for younger readers but appropriate for all elementary grades, this title is PACKED with information and includes gatefold pages, cut outs to peer through, flaps to lift, and eye-catching photographs.

Trees (Field Guides), written and illustrated by Maria Angeles Julivert - Hands-down my favorite reference book on trees, this title has front endpapers on drawing trees and back endpapers on the tools needed to observe trees. In between readers will learn about the distinctive features of trees, from shape, bark, and leaves to flowers and fruits.

Are Trees Alive?, written by Debbie S. Miller and illustrated by Stacey Shuett - In the introduction the author explains how this book was inspired by her daughter asking the title question. When Miller answered yes, her daughter then asked "But how do they breathe; they don't have noses?" To answer the title question, Miller looks at the parts of trees and how they function to keep trees alive. The illustrations depict many different tree species. The back matter includes information about the trees pictured in the book.

Tell Me, Tree: All About Trees for Kids, written and illustrated by Gail Gibbons - Gibbons has written a fairly neat guidebook to trees. While this volume contains basic information about trees, what they look like inside, their parts, and more, the real interesting piece here is the section on identifying trees. Each tree is identified with a sketch of its overall shape, its leaves, and bark. Seventeen common species are identified. There are also instructions making a tree identification book.

Be a Friend to Trees, written by Patricia Lauber and illustrated by Holly Keller - This stage 2 book in the Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science series explores the role of trees in the environment and the many uses of trees.

A Tree is a Plant, written by Clyde Robert Bulla and illustrated by Stacey Shuett - This stage 1 book in the Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science series looks at how trees grow and change through the seasons.

Seasonal Trees and Life Cycles

A Tree for All Seasons, written by Robin Bernard - This title from the National Geographic Society has gorgeous photos that document the life of a maple tree through the seasons.

Sky Tree: Seeing Science Through Art, written and illustrated by Thomas Locker - Over a series of fourteen paintings, Locker presents the same tree changing with the seasons. The text is short and lyrical. Beneath each section of text is a question about the painting that accompanies it. The back of the book has a section on connecting art and science which addresses the questions posed about each painting from the perspective of both disciplines.

A Grand Old Tree, written and illustrated by Mary Newell Depalma - This is terrific book for young readers that tells the life cycle story of a dogwood tree. We see the tree (given a female persona) grow through the seasons and years as she flowers, bears fruit, has many children, and ultimately dies. The simple text and gorgeous illustrations make for a winning combination.

Red Leaf, Yellow Leaf, written and illustrated by Lois Ehlert - In simple text and vibrant illustrations, Ehlert tells the story of a sugar maple and the child who planted it.

Winter Trees, written by Carole Gerber and illustrated by Leslie Evans - In this book a child and his dog share a walk through a snowy woods while observing six different species of tree. Each double-page spread contains four lines of simple verse and block prints decorated with watercolor and collage. The book ends with a description of the different characteristics of the trees in winter.

Fire!: The Renewal of a Forest, written and illustrated by Celia Godkin - Are all forest fires bad? Godkin's book looks at fire as a natural force that keeps the forest healthy. Fires are often times as essential to forests as rain, releasing the mineral nutrients locked up in old trees. This is an essential book for looking life stages of an ecosystem and how life returns to a forest after a fire.

Trees as Habitats
One Small Place in a Tree, written by Barbara Brenner and illustrated by Tom Leonard - What happens to a tree once a bear sharpens her claws on the trunk? Readers find out as they follow the growth of a microhabitat in the tree as the claw marks cut the bark and begin a hole. Over time the space is inhabited by a variety of creatures.

The Gift of the Tree, written by Alvin Tresselt and illustrated by Henri Sorensen - This is another story of the life cycle of a tree. This one focuses on an oak tree that has stood in a forest for more than 100 years. It grows weaker over time as it is feasted upon by termites and ants. Fungus enters the heartwood and rot spreads inside the healthy bark. Branches fall during winter storms and finally a hurricane splits the trunk. However, animals still make a home in the fallen trunk.

Oak Tree, written and illustrated by Gordon Morrison - This one focuses on an oak tree and its inhabitants. Two levels of text, a story of the life cycle of the tree and short informational bits describing the parts of the tree and the animals living in it, make this one a splendid introduction to trees as habitats.

Tree of Life: The World of the African Baobab, written and illustrated by Barbara Bash - The life story of a baobab is told from the folklore of its planting (upside down by a hyena, which is why its branches look like gnarled roots), through its role as a home for many species in the savannah, to its death and the birth of a new tree.

The Sea, the Storm, and the Mangrove Tangle, written and illustrated by Lynne Cherry - When the propagule (seed) of a mangrove falls into the sea and finally comes to rest on the shore of a faraway lagoon, it takes root, sprouts and begins to grow. What follows is the story of that tree's life and the ecosystem that springs up around it.

Logs
What's Under the Log?, written and illustrated by Anne Hunter - This little gem fits nicely in your hands and begins by asking the question in the title. Hunter then introduces readers to ten animals living beneath the log. The book ends with a short description of a tree's life cycle, reminding us that a rotting log not only provides a home for many creatures, but also returns important nutrients to the soil as it decays.

A Log's Life, written by Wendy Pfeffer and illustrated by Robin Brickman - An oak tree in the forest provides a home for many creatures. When the tree is felled during a storm it becomes a giant log and serves as a home for a whole host of new creatures. This one follows the log through several seasons until the rotting log becomes a mound of rich soil, and the perfect place for an acorn to take root and grow. (Take a closer look inside this book.)

People Who Planted Trees
Wangari's Trees of Peace: A True Story From Africa, written and illustrated by Jeanette Winter, is a biography of Mathaai told in clear, simple text and accompanied by vibrant acrylic illustrations. Readers see the landscape of Kenya change from barren to beautiful as a result of efforts by Wangari and the women who embraced her Green Belt Movement. It is a story full of hope and beauty. The author's note in the back provides more information about Wangari and the Green Belt Movement she started in 1977. (For more information, read my review.)

Planting the Trees of Kenya: The Story of Wangari Mathaai, written and illustrated by Claire Nivola, is a more detailed biography that is accompanied by intricate pen and watercolor illustrations. Nivola uses words and pictures to show Mathaai's connection with nature developed as a youth, and how this connection inspired her environmental practices as an adult. This one also includes an author's note with additional information on Wangari and her life.

Johnny Appleseed: The Legend and the Truth, written by Jane Yolen and illustrated by Jim Burke - Who was Johnny Appleseed? Legends and tall tales abound, but when it comes to separating fact from fiction, answers aren't always easy to find. Yolen explores the myth and brings some of that elusive truth to light. (For more information, read my review.)

Johnny Appleseed, written and illustrated by Steven Kellogg - The history and legend of Johnny Appleseed are told in this charming tale. The author's note at the end of the book attempts to clarify where history ends and legend begins. Also included is a map of Johnny Appleseed's life-long journey.

The Story of Johnny Appleseed, written and illustrated by Aliki - A very simple and kid-friendly text introducing readers to the life and legend of Johnny Appleseed.

The Man Who Planted Trees, written by Jean Giono and illustrated by Michael McCurdy - This is the story of Elzéard Bouffier, a man who planted trees after seeing the land was dying for lack of trees. He planted hundreds of thousands of trees and slowly saw the community of humans and animals come back to life around him.

Fiction
Redwoods, written and illustrated by Jason Chin - When a boy finds a book about redwoods and begins to read, he soon finds himself in a redwood forest. I hate to categorize this one as fiction, but the story told through the illustrations is fantasy. The text, however, is informational with tons of facts about redwoods. (Perhaps we could call this faction!) For more information about the book, see the review at Seven Imp and check out the book's web site.

Cherry Tree, written by Ruskin Bond and illustrated by Allan Eitzen - On the way home from the bazaar a young girl eats all of the cherries in her possession. Her grandfather suggests she plant one of the pits. The seed sprouts and after surviving rain, munching animals and other mishaps, the tree blossoms some years later.

Aani and the Tree Huggers, written by Jeannine Atkins and illustrated by Venantius J. Pinto - Based on a true story, Aani wraps herself around a when the tree cutters come to her village to take them down. The importance of trees to the environment is not lost in the midst of this powerful story.

Someday a Tree, written by Eve Bunting and illustrated by Ronald Himler - When a family discovers the area around their favorite tree has been poisoned, they work with others in the community to try and save it. Despite their efforts, the tree dies. Don't worry though, the ending is hopeful as acorns are planted in healthy soil.

The Seasons of Arnold's Apple Tree, written and illustrated by Gail Gibbons - In this story, Arnold and his dog play in and around their apple tree throughout the year. In the spring they build a swing and smell the apple blossoms, in summer they build a tree house, in fall they rake leaves and pick apples, and in winter they build a fort.

Once There Was a Tree, written by Natalia Romanova and illustrated by Gennady Spirin - When a woodsman finds a broken tree, he saws it down so that only a stump remains. However, that stump still serves a purpose and is used by ants, a bear, a titmouse, a frog, an earwig and others.

Additional Resources
Here are a few resources to expand your thinking about trees and the many things they give us.

• The Arbor Day Foundation has some terrific resources for teaching about trees.
• Maple Syrup: A Taste of Nature - This full color pdf explains how maple syrup makers create their product and traces each step of production from maple seed to breakfast table.
• The Sustainable Forestry Teacher Resource Center has a series of lesson plans on forestry and natural resources.
• The International Paper Company has posters and teacher's guides as well as a booklet on The Life of the Forest.
• Try these online hidden picture activities where you must find paper products hidden in a forest scene and classroom scene. You can also download print versions for the forest scene (pdf) and the classroom scene.
• The EarthAnswers page from Paper University answers questions about paper and the environment in a series of downloable pamphlets. Questions include "Are We Running Out of Trees?", "How is Paper Recycled?", "What's In a Tree?", and more.
• The Minnesota DNR has a Teachers' Guide to Arbor Month that contains activities on trees and natural world for grades K-8. (In case you are wondering, Arbor month is May!)
• What kind of products come from trees? Take this quiz and find out!

Have I missed one of your favorite tree books? If so, let me know so I can add it to the list. Anything but The Giving Tree (sorry, personal bias here!) will be added.

Pairing Science and Poetry

Over at my other blog, The Miss Rumphius Effect, I'm celebrating National Poetry Month by posting each day on a set of related poetry and children's books. The first 20 days of the month will focus on science.

Here are the posts to date.
April 1 - Darwin and the Galapagos
April 2 - Frogs and Toads
April 3 - Nature of Science
April 4 - Volcanoes

I hope you'll join me!

Wolves in Yellowstone

Here's a fabulous video on the ecological impact of returning wolves to Yellowstone after an absence of nearly 70 years.

If you want to read more about the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone, check out one of these titles.

When the Wolves Returned: Restoring Nature's Balance in Yellowstone, written by Dorothy Hinshaw Patent with photographs by Dan and Cassie Hartman, provides a historical account of the changes to the Yellowstone ecosystem by both the loss and reintroduction of the wolves. The gorgeous photographs of the Hartmans are accompanied by black and white images from the National Park Service. The text is written on two levels, with short, simple sentences on the left page, with paragraphs of more detailed information on the right page. At the end of the text, an illustrated page entitled "The Wolf Effect" looks at the connections among plants and animals in the Yellowstone ecosystem. Also included are an index , list of resources for kids, and a photo quiz.

The Wolves are Back, written by Jean Craighead George and illustrated by Wendell Minor, shows the restoration of the Yellowstone ecosystem through the eyes of a wolf pup. It begins with the pup looking over the landscape, then taking in a meal in which other animals also share the food. The next page reads:

Where had they been?

Shot. Every one.

Many years ago the directors of the national parks decided that only the gentle animals should grace the beautiful wilderness. Rangers, hunters, and ranchers were told to shoot every wolf they saw. They did. By 1926, there were no more wolves in the forty-eight states. No voices howled. The thrilling chorus of the wilderness was silenced.

The wolves were gone.

What follows is a look at how the reintroduction of the wolves brought positive changes back to the ecosystem. Near the end, the wolf pup grows up and heads south where he meets a mate from another pack. Minor's illustrations are exquisite and show the beauty of the landscape and its inhabitants.

Pi Day is Tomorrow ... But Should We Celebrate It?

All you math lovers out there should know that tomorrow is Pi Day. But should we celebrate pi or tau? Don't know what I'm talking about? Take a look at these two videos.
 

Learn more about Tau by reading The Tau Manifesto by Michael Hartl.

Pi Day Is Tomorrow!

Tomorrow, March 14th, is Pi Day. No, that's not a typo. It is Pi day, as in 3.14159... you get the idea. The first Pi Day celebration was held at the San Francisco Exploratorium in 1988.

What is pi anyway? I'm sure you remember it from math in some formula you memorized, but do you really know what it is? Pi represents the relationship between a circle’s diameter (its width) and its circumference (the distance around the circle). Pi is always the same number, no matter the circle you use to compute it. In school we generally approximate pi to 3.14 in school, but professionals often use more decimal places and extend the number to 3.14159. You can learn even more about pi at Ask Dr. Math FAQ: About Pi.

One activity I loved doing with students was to ask them to bring in a can and lid that would soon be recycled. I always brought in a few extras so that there would be a variety of sizes. Each student was given a lid and directed to measure the diameter and circumference. Students then divided the circumference by the diameter. We recorded the results on the overhead and discussed them. Most were amazed to find that the results were nearly the same, allowing for some margin of error in measurement. This is a quick and fun and provides a meaningful way to introduce the concept of pi.

Are you doing anything special for Pi Day? Perhaps you could make a pi necklace or a pi bracelet. Can you find your birthday in pi? My birthday begins with digit number 7669! Since any day is a good day for poetry, you could try reading some pi poems. If you are looking for more ideas, visit the Exploratorium pi site or try this middle school math newsletter. Finally, you can visit my Pinterest board for additional resources.

Follow the board Circle Measures/Pi on Pinterest. **Download your own version of the Pi poster (in green or purple!) at the Unihedron Pi Poster page.**

Pi Day is Coming ...

Visualizing Pi Infographic